Practice
Anabasis 1.1.2–6 · 20 lines · reload for a new passage
ὅσοι ἐς Καστωλοῦ πεδίον ἁθροίζονται.
who muster at the plain of Castolus.
ἀναβαίνει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος λαβὼν Τισσαφέρνην ὡς φίλον,
So Cyrus goes up, taking Tissaphernes as a friend,
καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔχων ὁπλίτας ἀνέβη τριακοσίους,
and he went up having three hundred hoplites of the Greeks,
ἄρχοντα δὲ αὐτῶν Ξενίαν Παρράσιον.
and as their commander Xenias the Parrhasian.
1.1.3ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δαρεῖος καὶ κατέστη εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀρταξέρξης,
And when Darius died and Artaxerxes was established in the kingship,
Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύοι αὐτῷ.
Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus to his brother, (saying) that he was plotting against him.
ὁ δὲ πείθεται καὶ συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον ὡς ἀποκτενῶν·
And he is persuaded and arrests Cyrus, intending to kill him;
ἡ δὲ μήτηρ ἐξαιτησαμένη αὐτὸν ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν.
but his mother, having begged him off, sends him back again to his province.
1.1.4ὁ δʼ ὡς ἀπῆλθε κινδυνεύσας καὶ ἀτιμασθείς,
And he, when he had gone away after being in danger and disgraced,
βουλεύεται ὅπως μήποτε ἔτι ἔσται ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ,
plans how he will never again be in his brother's power,
ἀλλά, ἢν δύνηται, βασιλεύσει ἀντʼ ἐκείνου.
but, if he can, will be king instead of him.
Παρύσατις μὲν δὴ ἡ μήτηρ ὑπῆρχε τῷ Κύρῳ,
Now Parysatis, his mother, was on Cyrus' side,
φιλοῦσα αὐτὸν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν βασιλεύοντα Ἀρταξέρξην.
loving him more than Artaxerxes, the one who was king.
1.1.5ὅστις δʼ ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν παρὰ βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτὸν
And whoever of those from the king came to him,
πάντας οὕτω διατιθεὶς ἀπεπέμπετο
he sent them all away, disposing them in such a way
ὥστε αὐτῷ μᾶλλον φίλους εἶναι ἢ βασιλεῖ.
that they were friends to him more than to the king.
καὶ τῶν παρʼ ἑαυτῷ δὲ βαρβάρων ἐπεμελεῖτο
And he also took care of the barbarians in his own service,
ὡς πολεμεῖν τε ἱκανοὶ εἴησαν καὶ εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχοιεν αὐτῷ.
so that they would be both capable of fighting and well disposed to him.
1.1.6τὴν δὲ Ἑλληνικὴν δύναμιν ἥθροιζεν ὡς μάλιστα ἐδύνατο ἐπικρυπτόμενος,
And the Greek force he gathered, concealing it as much as he could,
Questions
Answer before opening the key. Every answer here is taken from the text’s own analysis, so it cannot drift out of step with the passage above.
1.parsing
Parse ἀνέβη.
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ἀναβαίνω — verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
root aorist (ἔβην); the switch from the historical present ἀναβαίνει is ordinary variation in Xenophon (went up)
2.vocabulary
Give the dictionary form and meaning of ἐπεμελεῖτο.
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ἐπιμελέομαι — take care of, attend to
In this passage it is imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular.
3.translation
βουλεύεται ὅπως μήποτε ἔτι ἔσται ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ,
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plans how he will never again be in his brother's power,
Translate literally first — keep the case, tense and force of each word, and only then let the English read naturally. The version given is the model answer; yours is right if it is defensible word by word, not if it matches word for word.
4.parsing
Parse ἀτιμασθείς.
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ἀτιμάζω — verb (participle), aorist passive participle, nom. sg. masc.
aorist passive in -θείς, parallel to κινδυνεύσας (dishonour; (passive) be disgraced)
5.vocabulary
Give the dictionary form and meaning of μήτηρ.
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μήτηρ, μητρός, ἡ — mother
In this passage it is nom. sg. fem..
6.translation
ἡ δὲ μήτηρ ἐξαιτησαμένη αὐτὸν ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν.
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but his mother, having begged him off, sends him back again to his province.
Translate literally first — keep the case, tense and force of each word, and only then let the English read naturally. The version given is the model answer; yours is right if it is defensible word by word, not if it matches word for word.
7.parsing
Parse δύνηται.
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δύναμαι — verb, present middle subjunctive, 3rd singular
subjunctive with ἤν: a future more vivid condition, whose apodosis is βασιλεύσει (be able)
8.parsing
Parse ἐτελεύτησε.
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τελευτάω — verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
"ended (his life)", i.e. died — picks up τελευτήν in §1 (end, die)
9.vocabulary
Give the dictionary form and meaning of ὁπλίτας.
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ὁπλίτης, -ου, ὁ — hoplite, heavy-armed infantryman
In this passage it is acc. pl. masc..